Preface (Complete Revision ~ 01/25/2014)
The following, Part 1 is a short introduction with a chart which explains the differences found in the 4 Gospels, which are four different perspectives in order to give insight into prophetic fulfillment, explain complexity, highlight detail, and to gain clarity concerning the role of Jesus’ first visit to earth; commonly called The First Coming (This teaching originated around the fourth century, commonly presented within Catholicism as “The Four Evangelist,” as a reference concerning the symbols built-in to the four Gospels as typified by the image on the left. This teaching was commonly taught up to 100 years ago in Orthodox Protestant churches, with paintings such as these commonly seen on the walls of Lutheran, Episcopalian, Methodist, and Reformed churches – See Endnote A).
It includes this information, plus adds other information concerning these 4 perspectives concerning Jesus Christ as found in the Old Testament.
Introduction
What is amazing about the 4 Gospels is that they not only appear to be quite different from each other – but are meant to be so, on purpose.
Many great scholars have attempted to create what is referred to as the synoptic (Meaning: “of or forming a general summary,” or in the case of the 3 Gospels, “a comparative chronological collaboration in the form of a summary“) Gospels in reference to the first three books of the New Testament; Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
John is purposely excluded from the synoptic presentation of the Gospels due to the fact that it is obviously not meant to be chronological as far as time; John presents events by grouping them together based upon their importance, and not the time sequence.
Though this idea seems dishonest to the Western way of thinking, to the Hebrews this was often considered a more legitimate way of laying out of events, based upon their importance, and how they relate to each other; rather than the limitation of a time sequence, chronologically speaking.
Not Meant to be Synoptic
What becomes unfortunate about attempting to plot the three Gospels on a single timeline is that they were never meant to be looked at in this manner, comparatively speaking.
First Role – Baby Jesus
What is amazing is the willingness of the world to accept a baby Jesus who is powerless, at Christmas time; at the expense of forgetting His Second coming where He comes as the Warrior of Israel, the Messiah who will save Israel and destroy its enemies, with His enemies blood up to His bridle (Revelation 14:20), the Judge of earth (Revelation 6:10), who will reign for 1000 years (Revelation 20:4) with a rod of iron (Revelation 12:5; 19:15).
How many people will accept a baby, but refuse the King.
Jesus’ had a particular role in His First Coming – He was meant to be the Lamb of God who would die for the sins of the world (John 1:29, 36).
Two Roles – Two Comings, Not One
It is the Jesus of the Second Coming, the Warrior King who destroys the enemies of Israel, this is what the Jews were looking for in the First Coming.
However, God displaying His ingenious Wisdom by mixing prophecies of the first and second coming without a distinction between the two, wherein the Jew would only see him in the role that fit their own desires – a savior that rules in power and destroys enemies, refusing to even considering the prophecies which displayed Jesus as the Lamb before the slaughter.
This is why for centuries they actually tore out the middle section of Isaiah, which were prophecies concerning the Messiah as the suffering servant as seen in Isaiah 52 and 53, as well as many other passages which display the Messiah as God’s representative who would suffer and die.
Then came the Dead Sea Scrolls, where copies of Isaiah dated further back had the middle chapters which included chapters 52 and 53; They had to say that these were part of the original book, though now they had to reshuffle their deck stating that the previous chapters written by the great profit concerning the Messiah would seem to align with these chapters were actually not speaking of the Messiah at all.
Their contortion could not even facilitate a suspension of disbelief grand enough to accept this ridiculous explanation.
They refused to see that God needed to deal with their sin first by dying for them, before He would come back and physically fight for them.
How marvelous is our God that He could hide prophecy in plain sight, foretelling of two visitations without referring to them separately in order that Lucifer and his minions would be unaware that there were two visits.
Wherein they thought to kill Jesus before He came to power; never realizing the grace and mercy of God Would be displayed in Jesus dying for our sins before He would come and claim that which he paid for thousands of years later – how great is our God.
This is why it is so important for us to understand that the Gospels were always meant to be diverse – To be different one from another so that we could understand Jesus First Coming in all the shades of nuance wherein Jesus would fulfill all the diverse prophecies concerning who He is, and what He was here to do.
Jesus as He is related though Gospels by 4 Diverse Vantage Points
Focuses
On:MatthewMarkLukeJohn
Symbol of the Book: |
Lion | Ox | Man | Eagle |
Presents Jesus as: |
Messiah of Israel ~ Davidic King |
Suffering Servant ~ Sacrifice for Sin |
Son of Man ~ Perfect Man |
Son of God ~ Divine Lord |
Genealogy: | Yes ~ Royal / legal Lineage |
No |
Yes ~ Bloodline |
Yes ~ God Incarnate |
Genealogy Starts With: |
Abraham to Jesus ~ Father of the Nation to King and Redeemer of the Nation |
None ~ servants don’t have pedigrees or genealogies, they have no need for one, due to no citizenship, inheritance or rights |
Jesus to Adam ~ Perfect man to fallen man |
The Eternal Preexistent One |
Genealogy Through: |
Abraham to David ~ David to Joseph (through Jesus’s stepfather) ~ Legal right to the throne |
None ~ No rights for the lowest servants, as well as for criminals; which is what we are, Wherein Christ took our place |
Jesus to His parental Grandfather (B), Heli, Mary’s father ~ Heli to David ~ David to Adam ~ Bloodline Through his mother’s side of the family |
Eternity Past as God (with God) ~ “In the beginning was the word...” ~ Jesus Deity |
Genealogy Referred to Him As: |
Son of David ~ Son of Abraham |
Son of God | Son of Joseph, (“as he was supposed” to) be Son of Heli (B) |
The Word (The “Logos”) |
Written To: | Jews (C) | Romans | Greeks | The Church |
Signifies: | Israel | Common Man | Perfect Man | Believers |
Written From: |
Jerusalem | Rome | Area of the Gentiles |
Ephesus |
Language First Written In: |
Hebrew ~ With the reflection of the Greek language and later translations ~ Later translated to Koine Greek |
Koine Greek ~ Many terms borrowed from the Latin in order that the Romans would understand |
Koine Greek ~ To the World Culture, wherein Greek was the world language of the day |
Koine Greek ~ To the Gentile world, wherein Greek was also the language of the Gentiles |
Written By: |
Matthew ~ A Jew who worked for the Romans as a tax collector ~ Information obtained as an eye witness |
John Mark ~ A Jewish young man ~ Information obtained from Peter |
Luke ~ A Gentile Physician ~ Information obtained by Paul |
John ~ A Galilean Fisherman ~ Information obtained as an eye witness |
Writer Was: |
One of the 12 Apostles |
Nephew of Barnabas ~ A Companion of the Apostles and Peter ~ Who Worked in Ministry with Them |
A companion of Paul, who wrote the books of Luke and Acts (These two books were part 1 and part 2 of a series written to one person, Theophilus. Part 1 was the beginning of Jesus ministry, and part 2 was the continuation of that story as it referred to the church, as Paul was the leader, And explained his teaching concerning Jesus as Lord and King, which regarded the charges brought against Paul; as some believe that the 2 Books were meant as the trial documents as used in Paul’s trial before Caesar wherein the Roman law required that when a Roman citizen was tried before Caesar, it was mandatory to have a history written by the defense to a Court officer, hence the title, “…most excellent Theophilus…”) |
One of the 12 Apostles ~ Brother of James ~ A Cousin of Jesus ~ Son of Zebedee |
Presents Jesus as… |
“Son of man“ (Used in this Gospel more than in any other) [32x] (Because of his Legal bloodline Through man to be the king of Israel) ~ “Son of man,“ Was an Old Testament title for the Messiah” (Psalm 8; also see Daniel 7:13) ~ Jesus used this title concerning himself. |
“Son of God“ (Used in this Gospel more than in any other) [10x] |
||
Differences: | Assumes that the reader understands the Torah and Jewish customs, as well as users Aramaic expressions |
Assumes that the reader understands Jewish customs Translates Aramaic expressions into Greek |
Assumes that the reader understands Jewish customs |
Assumes that the reader understands Jewish customs ~ No Parables |
Presents What Jesus… |
“Said” (151x) ~ (Presented Jesus’ Teachings) |
“What He Did” (13x) ~ (An Action Book) |
“What He Felt” (88x) ~ (Express’ Emotions) |
“Who He Was” (247x) ~ (A Fact Book) |
Keyword: | “Fulfilled” (Used 38x) ~ Jesus As the Son of God (23x) |
“Immediately” [‘Eutheos’] (Used 42x) |
“It came to pass” (40x) |
“Verily, Verily” (24x) |
Key Verses: | Matthew 2:2 “Where is he who has been born King of the Jews?” ~ Matthew 27:37 “and they put up over his head the accusation written against him: this is Jesus the King of the Jews” |
Mark 10:45 “for even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many.” |
Luke Stressed the Universal Redemption Available to All (Gentiles) through Christ. ~ To the Samaritans (Luke 9:51-62; 10:30-37; 17:11-19) ~ As well as Pagan, Gentiles, (Luke 2:32; 3:6, 38; 4:25-27; 7:9; 10:1.47) and Publicans, Sinners, and Outcast. (Luke 3:12; 5:27-32; 7:37-50; 19:2-10; 23:43) All the Above are Welcome as well as the Jews (Luke :33; 2:10) And Respectable People (Luke 7:36; 11:37; 14:1) Including the Poor (Luke 1:53;2:7 6:20; 7:22) And the Rich; (Luke 19:2; 23:50) ~ All can have redemption (D) |
John 20:31 “but these that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name” |
Style Type: | Elegant Groupings |
Simple Snapshots |
Logical Narrative |
Spiritual Insights |
Presents: | Verbatim Teachings of Christ |
Concise Perspective |
Natural Flow Based upon Chronology |
Supernatural Assumption |
Main Theme: |
Matthew 28:18-20 “then Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, all authority has been given to me in heaven and earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, basing them in the name of the father and the son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age. Amen” |
A Theme of persecution dominates the book of Mark (Mark 10:30; and compare it with Matthew 19:29 and Luke 18:29). Roman Christians, who were undergoing persecution would be encouraged knowing that Jesus anticipated that “everyone shall be salted with fire” (Mark 9:49) ~ Mark 13:9-13 “But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them. And the gospel must first be published among all nations. But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate: but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost. Now the brother shall betray the brother to death, and the father the son; and children shall rise up against their parents, and shall cause them to be put to death. And ye shall be hated of all men for my name’s sake: but he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved.” (c) |
The book of Acts is considered part 2 of the book of Luke, both were written to: “most excellent Theophilus” (Luke 1:3 & Acts 1:1), and may have been Paul’s court documents, which according to Roman law had to proceed him to his trial at Rome. ~ Books seem to be written to Roman officials because Romans, Centurions, Pilate, Agrippa, Festus; are considered good or innocent. (Luke 23:4, 14, 22. Acts 13:4-12; 16:35-40; 18:12-17; 19:31; 26:32), and Paul was proud of his citizenship (Acts 22:28) |
John makes no attempt to present his book chronologically. The Jews, based upon Eastern train of thought, understood that presenting something outside of its chronological timeline in order to present it based upon priorities, & commonality was more preferable than the Western train of thought wherein chronological order is more paramount. ~ John is not being deceptive by grouping things according to their similarity and importance, taking them out of the chronological order and placing them based upon the greater oversight of what is presented, this is why the book of John is not chronological as the other 3 Gospels are. ~ There are 7 miracles which lead to 7 discourses, which lead to 7 “I am” statements. ~ Understanding that the “I am” statements made by Jesus were presented it wherein the Pharisees understood that he was claiming to be God who was speaking out of the burning bush, which is why they accused him of blasphemy. |
First Miracle: |
Leper Cleansed ~ Symbolic of the Jew ~ (this was an insult to the Jew, who understood that leprosy was a symbol of sin; wherein the implementation in equating them with leprosy was an aspersion that they were sinful) |
Demon Expelled ~ Symbolic of the Common Man ~ (symbolic of man being saved from sin, where in the evil within him was on escape about, and that Christ is the only deliverance) |
Demon Expelled ~ Symbolic of the Best of Men ~ (symbolic of man being saved from sin, where in the evil within him was on escape about, and that Christ is the only deliverance) |
Water turned into Wine ~ Symbolic of the Rebirth ~ (Common Made Supernatural) ~ Flesh Reborn to the Spirit (Sinful Made Sinless) |
Size of the Book: |
Second Longest Book of the Gospels |
Shortest Book of the Gospels |
Longest Book of the Gospels |
Third Longest Book of the Gospels |
Main Location: |
Galilean Ministry |
Galilean Ministry |
Galilean Ministry |
Judean Ministry |
Layout of the Book: |
Chronological Order |
Chronological Order |
Chronological Order |
Not in real-time order, but by grouping events together by topic and priority, Which was a common Presentation style among the Hebrews. |
Focus of the Book: |
Covers 3 years | Covers 3 years | Covers 3 years | Covers 3 years Primary Focus on the last week |
Held In Common: |
Synoptic Gospel ~ (Means Similarity) |
Synoptic Gospel ~ (Means Similarity) |
Synoptic Gospel ~ (Means Similarity) |
Reveals Hidden Truths |
Shared: | Matthew 3:17 “And lo a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” ~ Matthew 17:5 “While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.” |
Mark 1:11 “And there came a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” ~ Mark 9:7 “And there was a cloud that overshadowed them: and a voice came out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.” |
Luke 3:22 “And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.” ~ Luke 9:35 “And there came a voice out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.” |
John 1:32-33 “And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” |
Concludes With… |
The Resurrection |
The Ascension | Promise of: The Spirit (Bridge to the Book of Acts) |
Promise of: Christ’s Return (Bridge to the Book of Revelation) |
Brent
Endnotes
A. This teaching is over 1600 years Old
The above plaque of the 4 figures of the 4 books of the Gospel (the Lion, the Ox, the Man, and the Eagle), with the Lamb of God in the middle – is over 1600 years old, created 400 hundred years after Christ, displaying an early understanding of the diversity of the 4 different Gospels.
The writings of Irenaeus (who was a disciple of Polycarp, who was a disciple of John the author of the gospel, the 3 letters, and the Revelation of Jesus Christ); referred to these 4 perspectives of these 4 Gospels, which were commonly accepted as canonical at his time.
The Catholic Church has displayed these 4 symbols of the Gospels since the time of Irenaeus and is seen in the writings of Augustine, Jerome, and many others.
If you enter many Orthodox Churches in American; such as Lutheran, Presbyterian, Anglican, Methodist, and many other churches that are hundreds of years old, going back to the reform movement of Martin Luther in 1517, when he publicly accused in separating himself from the Catholic Church, you will find references to these 4 perspectives as seen in the 4 Gospels.
B. The term in Luke 3:23 is nomizo in Greek: meaning: “reckoned as by law.” Joseph was adopted by Heli, Mary’s father in accordance with the Torah for inheritance through brother-less sisters given to Zelophehad (Numbers 27:1-11; Joshua 17:3-6; Ezra 2:61; cf. Nehemiah 7:63; Numbers 32:41; I Chronicles 2:21-23, 34-35).
C. “Salvation comes through the Jew,” John 4:22; Romans 1:16. Redemption comes from Jesus the Messiah of Israel, the Lion of the Tribe of Judah; it is through Him alone that man now has (full) access to God,
D. Holman Bible Dictionary, Holman Bible Publishers,Nashville,Tennessee, 1991, Page 900, 920.
Special thanks to Chuck Missler, and the other great scholars which began this type of examination of God’s Word hundreds of years ago. And most of all, I thank the Holy Spirit who decades ago started me down this road of obsession concerning Biblical faith, adding more and more material concerning this teaching in particular, to such a broken vessel as myself – Thank you Lord Jesus
(Note of Interest: In 1976, my first Bible college class was on the Synoptic Gospels, which shook my faith in observing the contortions that the teachers attempted to go through to rationalize, and explain away the diversity of the Gospels. My faith was shaken, and as time went on I found more and more professors that attempted to say that many times God’s Word included mistakes, and that God and the words “almost,” or “somewhat” would fit together. It is this kind of faith-destroying teachings that were taught in many seminaries, even more so today, which teach that the Bible is not literal, which left the only rational conclusion, that God wasn’t in total control, and therefore faith was a hit or miss kind of thing. I praise God for His mercy in leading me to godly men who completely believed God’s Word, and trusted God in total faith. Most of all I thank the Holy Spirit for helping me understand that God is in total control, He’s never early and He’s never late, He is perfect and in perfect control no matter what it looks like. And that biblical faith is not a tool to get something from God, but is a complete dependence upon Him with the realization that He’s already given me what I need, and will continue to do so throughout eternity. He is faithful through and through. Brent)
“An apparent Biblical contradiction is the
Holy Spirit’s way of getting the reader’s attention
so as to point out a hidden deep truth, which must
be examined at great expense, in order to discover
the precious faith building treasure it contains.”
(Brent Bolin)
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